DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA E A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS EXAMES BIOQUÍMICOS

Abstract

Kidney diseases comprise a set of conditions that affect the function and structure of the kidneys, potentially leading to significant changes in the patient's overall health. Among these pathologies, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stands out as a condition of increasing prevalence, especially among adults over 30 years of age and more markedly in the elderly. CKD is often asymptomatic in its early stages, which hinders early diagnosis and favors progression to more advanced stages, characterized by irreversible loss of kidney function. The diagnosis and monitoring of CKD depend on biochemical tests, including the measurement of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus), urea, serum creatinine, and the presence of albumin in the urine. Furthermore, new laboratory methods such as the detection of microalbuminuria and biomarkers like NGAL, KIM-1, and Cystatin C are available for better risk stratification and monitoring of CKD progression. Clinical evaluation is also essential, as manifestations such as edema, fatigue, and hypertension may indicate systemic complications of the disease. In this context, the present study aims to explore the importance of choosing the appropriate biochemical tests for the diagnosis and follow-up of CKD.