IMPORTÂNCIA DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NAPREVENÇÃO DO DESMAME PRECOCE E A PREVENÇÃO DA ALERGIA À PROTEÍNA DO LEITE DE VACA

Abstract

This study aims to identify factors related to cow's milk protein allergy in infants, verify signs and symptoms of infants with cow's milk protein allergy, and highlight the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing the incidence of cow's milk protein allergy in infants. The methodology used was a narrative review, searching for scientific articles published between January 2019 and December 2024 in the PubMed and BVS virtual libraries, using the Medline and Lilacs databases to include the descriptors "milk hypersensitivity", "breastfeeding" and "nursing". After rigorous selection, 8 articles were included in the analysis. The theoretical basis emphasizes that breast milk is essential for the biological, cognitive and immunological development of the baby, protecting against infections and allergies, while the early introduction of other foods increases the risk of CMPA. The results indicate that breastfeeding provides protection and tolerance to the infant, which consequently goes against food allergies. Therefore, the relationship between early weaning in this sense is related to the fact that it promotes the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract, consolidation of the microbiota, as well as developing the immune barrier of the intestinal mucosa. Thus, it was found in the studies in question that the main risk factors for CMPA are weaning and early intake of cow's milk. Another conclusive context is that the nurse contributes to promoting the health of the mother and child, by providing information and clarifications about breastfeeding, supporting the nurse at the beginning of the practice, even in the first hour of the newborn's life. Factors such as lack of professional knowledge and insufficient maternity leave are challenges.