BIOFILMES E RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS

Abstract

This work aims to address biofilm formation and its relationship with antibiotic resistance, a topic of great relevance to public health, especially in hospital settings. Biofilms are organized structures formed by communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and produce a protective extracellular matrix. This matrix acts as a physical and chemical barrier, hindering the action of antimicrobial agents and contributing to the persistence of infections. In addition, the microorganisms present in biofilms exhibit alterations in their metabolism and gene expression, which increases their ability to survive against antibiotics. This phenomenon is directly related to the increase in bacterial resistance, making treatments more complex, prolonged, and often less effective. The work also discusses the main mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, such as the initial adhesion, maturation, and dispersal processes, as well as the role of quorum sensing in communication between microorganisms. Thus, the aim is to understand how these structures contribute to antimicrobial resistance and what challenges are faced in controlling infections associated with biofilms. Finally, the importance of developing new therapeutic strategies and prevention and control measures is highlighted, aiming to reduce the impacts of biofilm-related infections and improve the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments.