ANÁLISE DAS IMPLICAÇÕES JURÍDICAS E SOCIAIS PARA INDIVÍDUOS INJUSTAMENTE CONDENADO À LUZ DOS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the legal and social implications of wrongful convictions in light of Article 5, item LXXV of the 1988 Federal Constitution and the principles that govern the Democratic Rule of Law. The research is based on the hypothesis that improving the judicial system, providing continuous training for legal professionals, properly using technology, and consolidating effective compensation mechanisms can mitigate the damage caused by judicial errors. To this end, a qualitative bibliographic study was conducted, grounded in legal doctrine, case law, and official documents, using an exploratory method. Structural flaws in the justice system were identified, such as misinterpretation of the law, flaws in evidence collection, media influence on court decisions, and procedural delays—factors that compromise legal security and have severe psychological, social, and material consequences for wrongfully convicted individuals. The study proposes legislative reforms, the strengthening of binding precedents, and public policies aimed at comprehensive reparation. It concludes that state liability should not be limited to financial compensation but must also encompass symbolic, social, and psychological redress, ensuring respect for human dignity and substantive justice. The analysis argues that judicial error is a systemic failure that requires an institutional response committed to human rights and the effectiveness of due process of law.