DIREITO ANIMAL: O ABANDONO DE ANIMAIS, A LEI Nº 14.064/2020 E OS DESAFIOS DOS PROTETORES INDEPENDENTES SEM APOIO GOVERNAMENTAL

Abstract

This study analyzes the effectiveness of public policies and legal instruments aimed at animal protection in Brazil, with an emphasis on the impacts of Law No. 14.064/2020, which increased penalties for crimes of mistreatment against dogs and cats. Despite the progress represented by the strengthening of punitive measures, there remains a considerable gap between the legal framework and its practical enforcement, revealing a structural weakness in the implementation of animal protection. The research was conducted through bibliographic review, documentary analysis, and examination of the experiences of independent animal rescuers and non-governmental organizations engaged in animal welfare. The findings indicate that, although legislation has reinforced punitive mechanisms, significant deficiencies persist in prevention, inspection, and sheltering. The lack of adequate public infrastructure, insufficient funding for sterilization and responsible adoption programs, and the absence of continuous educational campaigns contribute to the persistence of abandonment and limit the effectiveness of existing laws. In this context, independent rescuers emerge as key actors in mitigating the social and environmental consequences of state negligence. Driven by empathy and ethical commitment, these individuals voluntarily perform tasks that should be shared with public authorities—such as rescuing, treating, and sheltering animals at risk. However, they face significant challenges, including the absence of institutional recognition, lack of financial and veterinary support, and emotional exhaustion due to increasing demand. Their essential yet informal and unsupported work highlights the need for integrated public policies that recognize and strengthen their contribution. It is imperative that the State expand dialogue with civil society and implement cooperative mechanisms ensuring technical, financial, and logistical support for animal protection initiatives. The study concludes that effective animal protection in Brazil depends on consolidating a culture of collective responsibility and shared management among the State, society, and protective entities. Such collaboration must be guided by principles of environmental education, solidarity, and social justice, transforming the current scenario of neglect into an ethical and sustainable model of coexistence between humans and other sentient beings.