USO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS NA BOVINOCULTURA LEITEIRA E SEU IMPACTO NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA - REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Dairy farming is of great economic and social importance, but faces significant challenges related to the use of antimicrobials and the presence of residues in milk. This review analyzes the main classes of antimicrobials used in dairy farming, their therapeutic implications, and the risks associated with their inappropriate use for public health and the production chain. The methodology adopted was based on the analysis of scientific publications, legislation, and national and international technical documents related to the use of antimicrobials in milk production, residue detection, and their impacts. The presence of antimicrobial residues in milk compromises food safety, requiring rigorous detection mechanisms, the application of specific analytical methods, and compliance with current legislation, which establishes maximum residue limits and determines the proper disposal of contaminated raw materials. These residues can contribute to the selection of resistant microorganisms, cause adverse reactions in consumers, and harm the dairy industry by interfering with the technological quality of dairy products. Furthermore, improper disposal can generate environmental impacts, with soil and water contamination. Based on these findings, strategies for reducing the use of antimicrobials in dairy farming are discussed, aiming to promote food safety and control antimicrobial resistance. It is concluded that the rational use of these drugs, combined with appropriate management and monitoring practices, is fundamental to ensuring the sustainability of milk production and protecting public health.