PIOMETRA EM CADELAS: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS CIRÚRGICA E FARMACOLÓGICA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Pyometra is a common uterine disease in female dogs, resulting from hormonal changes associated with the estrous cycle and opportunistic bacterial infection, making it one of the main reproductive emergencies in small animal clinic. Surgical treatment, through ovariohysterectomy, is considered the gold standard because it guarantees definitive resolution and prevents recurrence, while pharmacological treatment, based on the use of antiprogestogens, prostaglandins, antimicrobials, and clinical support, is reserved for specific cases where there is a desire to preserve fertility. This work aimed to highlight, through a literature review, the surgical and pharmacological approaches in the treatment of pyometra in female dogs, highlighting their indications, advantages, limitations, and prognosis. The results showed that pyometra is a serious disease that, when not diagnosed and treated correctly, can lead the animal to death. Ovariohysterectomy is the gold standard treatment for pyometra because it ensures the complete removal of the infectious focus. Pharmacological treatment, although effective and recommended by the literature in specific cases, is an alternative conditioned to the patient's health status. Therefore, the choice of therapy must be strictly based on the individual clinical condition of the patient.