OBESIDADE CANINA: DIAGNÓSTICO, TRATAMENTO E PREVENÇÃO REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Canine obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and is considered a nutritional disorder resulting from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. This excess body fat compromises the animal’s health and well-being, contributing to the development of various chronic comorbidities. Additionally, factors such as breed, sex, reproductive status, and dietary and environmental influences are aspects that favor the onset of this condition. Excessive weight gain in dogs can lead to a range of pathophysiological alterations, including metabolic, orthopedic, cardiovascular, and reproductive dysfunctions, as well as reduced life expectancy. Diagnosis may involve clinical evaluation, combined with Body Condition Score (BCS) and Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) assessment, as well as complementary tests such as laboratory analyses and imaging exams. Treatment consists of a combination of physical exercise and dietary management, excluding any underlying primary diseases. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the essential roles of veterinarians and pet owners in a collaborative approach to preventing and controlling canine obesity, thereby promoting improved quality of life and well-being for dogs.