Acne Vulgar: aspectos fisiopatológicos e abordagem terapêutica com foco no uso de tretinoína e isotretinoína

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects the pilosebaceous units, with a high prevalence in adolescence and early adulthood. Its pathophysiology involves sebaceous hypersecretion, follicular hyperkeratinization, proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammatory response. In addition to clinical manifestations, the disease can have significant psychosocial impacts, such as reduced self-esteem and the development of anxiety and depression. The present study aims to review the pathophysiological aspects of acne vulgaris, its impacts, and the main therapeutic approaches, with an emphasis on the use of topical and systemic retinoids. This is a narrative review of the literature based on scientific articles published in the last five years. The results indicate that retinoids play a central role in treatment by acting to normalize keratinization and modulate inflammation. It is concluded that individualized therapy is essential for clinical efficacy and reduction of adverse effects.