OBESIDADE CANINA: CAUSAS, CONSEQUÊNCIAS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE PREVENÇÃO

Abstract

Canine obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and is considered a nutritional disorder resulting from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. This excess body fat compromises dogs’ health and well-being, contributing to the development of several chronic comorbidities. Factors such as breed, sex, reproductive status, inadequate dietary management, and environmental conditions are among the main aspects associated with the onset of this condition. Excessive weight gain may trigger significant pathophysiological alterations, including metabolic, orthopedic, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders, in addition to negatively impacting the animals’ life expectancy and quality of life. The diagnosis of canine obesity is based on clinical evaluation associated with the Body Condition Score (BCS) and the assessment of Muscle Condition Score (MCS) and may be complemented by laboratory and imaging examinations. Therapeutic management involves nutritional adjustment, regular physical exercise, and the exclusion of primary diseases associated with weight gain. The present study aims to analyze canine obesity, highlighting the importance of the joint role of the veterinarian and the pet owner in the prevention, diagnosis, and control of this condition. This study consists of a literature review conducted through the analysis of scientific articles, books, and technical publications obtained from national and international databases, focusing on relevant studies addressing the pathophysiology, predisposing factors, diagnosis, and management of obesity in dogs. It is concluded that canine obesity is a multifactorial condition with high prevalence in veterinary clinical practice, and its control depends on an integrated approach involving appropriate professional guidance and active owner participation, aiming to promote dogs’ health, well-being, and longevity.