DOENÇA OSTEOMETABÓLICA EM JABUTIS DO GÊNERO CHELONOIDIS – REISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Tortoises of the genus Chelonoidis are animals distributed in South America; the genus is represented by the species C. carbonaria, C. denticulata, C. chilensis, and C. niger (a species exclusive to the Galapagos Islands). Just like all reptiles, they are considerably dependent on their diet and environment for the maintenance of their health. A diet balanced between animal protein, foliage, vegetables, and fruits is ideal for the proper development of animals of this genus, whether in captivity or in the wild. Exposure to UVB lighting is essential for an environment considered healthy. Such illumination guarantees adequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3, which is responsible for increasing the effectiveness of intestinal calcium absorption, maintaining bone integrity. Disturbances in feeding or the environment can cause the onset of one of the forms of osteometabolic disease. Osteometabolic disease is a series of affections that interfere with bone density and function. The most common forms found are nutritional and/or renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. The most common clinical signs are: lethargy, limb paresis, softening of the shell, deformities, overgrowth of the rhamphotheca (beak) and claws, and pyramidal growth of the carapace and plastron. Diagnosis involves history, radiographs, blood count, and serum biochemistries. Treatment involves the correction of nutritional and environmental management, in addition to medicinal interventions and procedures when necessary. This literature review aims to address the clinical, etiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive aspects, as well as to emphasize the importance of correct environmental and nutritional management for animals of the genus discussed.